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Bromo Mountain

 
Mount Bromo, is a lively volcano and a part of the Tengger formation, in East Java, Indonesia. At 2,329 metres (7,641 ft) it\'s not the best peak of the formation, however is that the most standard. The formation space is one among the foremost visited traveller attractions in East Java, Indonesia. The volcano belongs to the Bromo Tengger Semeru parkland. The name of Bromo derived from Javanese pronunciation of Brahma, the Hindu creator god.

Mount Bromo sits within the middle of a huge plain known as the \"Sea of Sand\" (Javanese: Segara Wedi or Indonesian: Lautan Pasir), a protected nature reserve since 1919. the everyday thanks to visit Mount Bromo is from the near  mountain village of Cemoro Lawang. From there it\'s attainable to steer to the volcano in regarding forty five minutes, however it\'s additionally attainable to require Associate in Nursing unionised machine tour, which has a stop at the perspective on Mount Penanjakan (2,770 m or 9,088 ft) (Indonesian: Gunung Penanjakan). the perspective on Mount Penanjakan also can be reached on foot in regarding 2 hours. From within the volcanic crater, sulfur is collected by staff.

Depending on the degree of volcanic activity, the Indonesian Centre for geophysical science and Disaster Hazard Mitigation typically problems warnings against visiting Mount Bromo.

On the fourteenth day of the Hindu competition of Yadnya Kasada, the Tenggerese folks of Probolinggo, East Java, travel up the mountain so as to create offerings of fruit, rice, vegetables, flowers and sacrifices of stock to the mountain gods by throwing them into the volcanic crater of the volcano. The origin of the ritual lies within the fifteenth century legend wherever a patrician named Roro Anteng started the princedom of Tengger together with her husband, Joko Seger. The couple were unfruitful and so beseeched the help of the mountain gods. The gods granted them twenty four kids however stipulated that the twenty fifth kid, named Kesuma, should be thrown into the volcano as an individual\'s sacrifice. The gods\' request was enforced. The tradition of throwing sacrifices into the volcano to appease these ancient deities continues nowadays and is termed the Yadnya Kasada ceremony. tho\' fraught with danger, some locals risk ascension down into the crater in an effort to remember the sacrificed merchandise that they believe might bring them smart luck.

On the Segara Wedi sand plain sits a Hindu temple known as Pura Luhur Poten. The temple holds a big importance to the Tenggerese scattered across the mountain villages, like Ngadisari, Wonokitri, Ngadas, Argosari, Ranu Prani, Ledok Ombo and Wonokerso. The temple organises the annual Yadnya Kasada ceremony that lasts for regarding one month. On the ordinal day, the Tenggerese congregate at Pura Luhur Poten to invite blessings from United Nations agency herbaceous plant Hyang Widi Wasa and therefore the God of Mahameru (Mount Semeru). Then the gang take on the crater edges of Mt Bromo wherever offerings square measure thrown into the crater. the most important distinction between this temple and Balinese ones square measure the kind of stones and building materials. Pura Luhur Poten uses natural black stones from volcanoes near , whereas Balinese temples square measure largely made up of red bricks. within this pura, there square measure many buildings and enclosures aligned in a very figure zone composition.

Merapi Mountain



Mount Merapi, Gunung Merapi (literally Fire Mountain in Indonesian/Javanese), is an active stratovolcano located on the border between Central Java and Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It is the most active volcano in Indonesia and has erupted regularly since 1548. It is located approximately 28 kilometres (17 mi) north of the large Yogyakarta city, and thousands of people live on the flanks of the volcano, with villages as high as 1,700 metres (5,600 ft) above sea level. Smoke can be seen emerging from the mountaintop at least 300 days a year, and several eruptions have caused fatalities. Pyroclastic flow from a large explosion killed 27 people on 22 November 1994, mostly in the town of Muntilan, west of the volcano. Another large eruption occurred in 2006, shortly before the Yogyakarta earthquake. In light of the hazards that Merapi poses to populated areas, it has been designated as one of the Decade Volcanoes. On 25 October 2010 the Indonesian government raised the alert for Mount Merapi to its highest level and warned villagers in threatened areas to move to safer ground. People living within a 20 km (12 mi) zone were told to evacuate. Officials said about 500 volcanic earthquakes had been recorded on the mountain over the weekend of 23–24 October, and that the magma had risen to about 1 kilometre (3,300 ft) below the surface due to the seismic activity. On the afternoon of 25 October 2010 Mount Merapi erupted lava from its southern and southeastern slopes. The mountain was still erupting on 30 November 2010, however due to lowered eruptive activity on 3 December 2010 the official alert status was reduced to level 3. The volcano is now 2930 metres high, 38 metres lower than before the 2010 eruptions. After a large eruption in 2010 the characteristic of Mount Merapi was changed. On November 18, 2013 Mount Merapi burst smoke up to 2,000 meters high, one of its first major phreatic eruptions after the 2010 eruption. Researchers said that this eruption occurred due to combined effect of hot volcanic gases and abundant rainfall.
-source : wikipedia-
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